Fix build for systems that don't provide POSIX.1-2001 by default

Fix build for systems that don't provide POSIX.1-2001 by default

We require POSIX.1-2001.  Some systems provide it only with feature
test macro _POSIX_C_SOURCE defined to 200112L.  Since we don't define
it, the build fails there.  Observed on Solaris 10.

We actually require the XSI extension.  The GNU C Library provides it
by default.  With _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L, however, you have to define
feature test macro _XOPEN_SOURCE to get it.  But then _POSIX_C_SOURCE
is redundant.

Make configure put #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 into config.h.  Drop the
two existing #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 in .c files.

Now Solaris cc refuses to play ball unless switched to C99.  Replace
AC_PROG_CC by AC_PROG_CC_STDC to mollify it.

Unfortunately, use of _XOPEN_SOURCE exposes bugs in AIX libc and old
versions of GNU libc:

* AIX defines struct in6_addr's member s6_addr as a macro expanding
  into the actual member.  Without _ALL_SOURCE (the default), the
  expansion is wrong and doesn't compile.  Observed with AIX V7.2.

* GNU lib's IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED() is unusable without
  _DEFAULT_SOURCE (default) or _GNU_SOURCE.  Observed with Debian 8.
  Tracked at <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16421>,
  fixed in version 2.25.

Affects just sockaddr_ntop()'s special case from commit 372cdb136 "Use
IPv4 format for IPv4-mapped addresses", v4.3.31.  Disable the special
case and use IPv6 format on such systems.  This is a very minor
usability regression.  Could be avoided, I guess, but it's not worth
the trouble.

Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@pond.sub.org>