configure: Test compiler flags

When AC_PROG_CC detects GCC, Make.mk adds a bunch of flags to CFLAGS.
Works only for flags that any version of gcc in use accepts.

Instead, make configure add the flags that actually work to CFLAGS.
This will let us add flags that work only for some compilers.

The new autoconf macros are from autoconf-archive v2015.02.24.

Unfortunately, AX_APPEND_COMPILE_FLAGS doesn't work reliably for
-Wno-*: gcc complains about unknown -Wno-foo only when other
diagnostics are being produced.  Test -Wfoo instead of -Wno-foo, and
rename to MY_APPEND_COMPILE_FLAGS.

Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@pond.sub.org>

m4/ax_require_defined.m4

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# ===========================================================================
+#    http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf-archive/ax_require_defined.html
+# ===========================================================================
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#
+#   AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED(MACRO)
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#
+#   AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED is a simple helper for making sure other macros have
+#   been defined and thus are available for use.  This avoids random issues
+#   where a macro isn't expanded.  Instead the configure script emits a
+#   non-fatal:
+#
+#     ./configure: line 1673: AX_CFLAGS_WARN_ALL: command not found
+#
+#   It's like AC_REQUIRE except it doesn't expand the required macro.
+#
+#   Here's an example:
+#
+#     AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED([AX_CHECK_LINK_FLAG])
+#
+# LICENSE
+#
+#   Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+#
+#   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+#   permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
+#   and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
+#   warranty.
+
+#serial 1
+
+AC_DEFUN([AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED], [dnl
+  m4_ifndef([$1], [m4_fatal([macro ]$1[ is not defined; is a m4 file missing?])])
+])dnl AX_REQUIRE_DEFINED